عاشق القرآن
مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 161
تاريخ التسجيل : 25/02/2010
 |  موضوع: The Quran on Human Embryonic Development:  الأربعاء نوفمبر 24, 2010 8:05 pm | |
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A)The Quran on Human Embryonic Development:
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In the Holy Quran, God speaks aboutthe stages of man’s embryonic development: |  We created man from an extract ofclay. Then We made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then Wemade the drop into an alaqah (leech, suspended thing, and blood clot), then We made thealaqah into a mudghah (chewed substance)...  1 (Quran, 23:12-14)
Literally, the Arabic word alaqah has three meanings: (1) leech, (2) suspended thing, and (3) blood clot.
Incomparing a leech to an embryo in the alaqah stage, we find similarity between the two2as we can see in figure 1. Also, theembryo at this stage obtains nourishment from the blood of the mother, similarto the leech, which feeds on the blood of others.3
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Figure 1: Drawings illustrating the similarities in appearance between a leech and a human embryo at the alaqah stage. (Leech drawing from Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah, Moore and others, p. 37, modified from Integrated Principles of Zoology, Hickman and others. Embryo drawing from The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 73.) |
The second meaning of the word alaqah is “suspended thing.” This is what we can see in figures 2 and 3, thesuspension of the embryo, during the alaqah stage, in the womb of the mother.
Figure 2: We can see in this diagram the suspension of an embryo during the alaqah stage in the womb (uterus) of the mother. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 66.) (Click on the image to enlarge it.) |
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] | | | |
Figure 3: In this photomicrograph, we can see the suspension of an embryo (marked B) during the alaqah stage (about 15 days old) in the womb of the mother. The actual size of the embryo is about 0.6 mm. (The Developing Human, Moore, 3rd ed., p. 66, from Histology, Leeson and Leeson.) |
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The third meaning of the word alaqah is “blood clot.” We find that the external appearance of the embryoand its sacs during the alaqah stage is similar to that of a blood clot. This is due to the presence ofrelatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo during this stage[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط](see figure 4). Also during this stage, theblood in the embryo does not circulate until the end of the third week.[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] Thus, the embryo at this stage is likea clot of blood.
Figure 4: Diagram of the primitive cardiovascular system in an embryo during the alaqah stage. The external appearance of the embryo and its sacs is similar to that of a blood clot, due to the presence of relatively large amounts of blood present in the embryo. (The Developing Human, Moore, 5th ed., p. 65.) (Click on the image to enlarge it.) | [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] |
So the three meanings of the word alaqah correspond accurately to the descriptions of the embryo at the alaqah stage.
The next stage mentioned in the verse is the mudghah stage. The Arabic word mudghah means “chewed substance.” If one were to take a piece of gum andchew it in his or her mouth and then compare it with an embryo at the mudghah stage, we would conclude that the embryo at the mudghah stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance. This is because ofthe somites at the back of the embryo that “somewhat resemble teethmarks ina chewed substance.”[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] (see figures 5 and 6).
Figure 5: Photograph of an embryo at the mudghah stage (28 days old). The embryo at this stage acquires the appearance of a chewed substance, because the somites at the back of the embryo somewhat resemble teeth marks in a chewed substance. The actual size of the embryo is 4 mm. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 82, from Professor Hideo Nishimura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.) |  | | | |
Figure 6: When comparing the appearance of an embryo at the mudghah stage with a piece of gum that has been chewed, we find similarity between the two.
A) Drawing of an embryo at the mudghah stage. We can see here the somites at the back of the embryo that look like teeth marks. (The Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 79.)
B) Photograph of a piece of gum that has been chewed.
(Click on the image to enlarge it.) | [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] |
Howcould Muhammad  have possibly known all this 1400 years ago, when scientists have only recentlydiscovered this using advanced equipment and powerful microscopes which did notexist at that time? Hamm and Leeuwenhoek were the first scientists to observehuman sperm cells (spermatozoa) using an improved microscope in 1677 (more than1000 years after Muhammad ). They mistakenly thought that the sperm cell contained a miniature preformedhuman being that grew when it was deposited in the female genital tract.[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]
ProfessorEmeritus Keith L. Moore[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] is one of the world’s most prominent scientists in thefields of anatomy and embryology and is the author of the book entitled TheDeveloping Human, which has been translated into eight languages. This book is a scientificreference work and was chosen by a special committee in the United States as thebest book authored by one person. Dr. Keith Moore is Professor Emeritus ofAnatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. There,he was Associate Dean of Basic Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine and for 8years was the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy. In 1984, he received themost distinguished award presented in the field of anatomy in Canada, the J.C.B.Grant Award from the Canadian Association of Anatomists. He has directed manyinternational associations, such as the Canadian and American Association ofAnatomists and the Council of the Union of Biological Sciences.
In1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, ProfessorMoore said: “It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify statementsin the Quran about human development. It is clear to me that these statementsmust have come to Muhammad from God, because almost all of this knowledge wasnot discovered until many centuries later. This proves to me that Muhammad musthave been a messenger of God.”[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] ([ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]).
Consequently,Professor Moore was asked the following question: “Does this mean that youbelieve that the Quran is the word of God?” He replied: “I find nodifficulty in accepting this.”[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]
Duringone conference, Professor Moore stated: “....Because the staging of humanembryos is complex, owing to the continuous process of change duringdevelopment, it is proposed that a new system of classification could bedeveloped using the terms mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah (what Muhammad said, did, or approved of). The proposed system is simple, comprehensive, andconforms with present embryological knowledge. The intensive studies of the Quranand hadeeth (reliably transmitted reports by the Prophet Muhammad’s companions of what he said, did, or approved of) in the last four years haverevealed a system for classifying human embryos that is amazing since it wasrecorded in the seventh century A.D. Although Aristotle, the founder of thescience of embryology, realized that chick embryos developed in stages from hisstudies of hen’s eggs in the fourth century B.C., he did not give any detailsabout these stages. As far as it is known from the history of embryology, littlewas known about the staging and classification of human embryos until thetwentieth century. For this reason, the descriptions of the human embryo in the Qurancannot be based on scientific knowledge in the seventh century. The onlyreasonable conclusion is: these descriptions were revealed to Muhammad from God. He could not have known such details because he was an illiterate man withabsolutely no scientific training.”[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] ([ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]). | |
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